membrane vesicles Search Results


90
Alomone Labs anti vamp2
Anti Vamp2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pmc03666255-419-82-65?v=Alomone+Labs
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
anti vamp2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
Boster Bio snap23
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Snap23, supplied by Boster Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pmc08261483-283-1-5?v=Boster+Bio
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
snap23 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
ProSci Incorporated anti vamp7
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Anti Vamp7, supplied by ProSci Incorporated, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pmc03911732-77-19-20?v=ProSci+Incorporated
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
anti vamp7 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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93
ProSci Incorporated large antral follicle
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Large Antral Follicle, supplied by ProSci Incorporated, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pmc06400953-60-40-10?v=ProSci+Incorporated
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
large antral follicle - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
Informa UK Limited membrane vesicles
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Membrane Vesicles, supplied by Informa UK Limited, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/10__1080_slash_1040841x__2017__1353949-22-49-24?v=Informa+UK+Limited
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
membrane vesicles - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
Cytomatrix Pty Ltd synaptic-vesicle-associated integral membrane proteins
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Synaptic Vesicle Associated Integral Membrane Proteins, supplied by Cytomatrix Pty Ltd, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pm14702384-133-7-35?v=Cytomatrix+Pty+Ltd
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
synaptic-vesicle-associated integral membrane proteins - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
The Company of Biologists epithelial brushborder membrane vesicles
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Epithelial Brushborder Membrane Vesicles, supplied by The Company of Biologists, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pm14718500-14-37-25?v=The+Company+of+Biologists
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
epithelial brushborder membrane vesicles - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
Gallus BioPharmaceuticals osteoclasts
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Osteoclasts, supplied by Gallus BioPharmaceuticals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/10__1074_slash_jbc__m605865200-63-7-23?v=Gallus+BioPharmaceuticals
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
osteoclasts - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
CEM Corporation membrane vesicles
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Membrane Vesicles, supplied by CEM Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pm37833188-63-4-18?v=CEM+Corporation
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
membrane vesicles - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
Symbiotix Biotherapies symb-202 (outer membrane vesicles)
sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with <t>Snap23).</t> The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.
Symb 202 (Outer Membrane Vesicles), supplied by Symbiotix Biotherapies, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/membrane+vesicles/pmc11057942-15-0-16?v=Symbiotix+Biotherapies
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
symb-202 (outer membrane vesicles) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
BioMimetic Therapeutics cell membrane extracellular lipid vesicles
Characterization and intracellular trafficking of cancer cell membrane-derived <t>extracellular</t> vesicles (CmEVs) loaded with fenofibrate (FF) in U87 and LN18 cells. The hydrodynamic diameter of U87- (A-i) and LN18- (B-i) derived CmEVs. Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81) on the membrane of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-ii) and LN18 (B-ii) cells. Comparison of typical CmEV (TSG101, CD9) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers (GRP-94) detected by immunoblotting in whole cell lysates (WC) and lysates of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-iii) and LN18 (B-iii) cells. Percentage of PKH-positive CmEVs in U87 (A-iv) and LN18 (B-iv) cells. Confocal images representing the co-localization of PKH-labelled CmEVs (green) in LDs and different organelles (lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) in U87 (small LDs, C) and LN18 (large LDs, D) cells. LDs and organelles are depicted in red, and nuclei are shown in blue (DAPI).
Cell Membrane Extracellular Lipid Vesicles, supplied by BioMimetic Therapeutics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
cell membrane extracellular lipid vesicles - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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90
BioMimetic Therapeutics polymeric capsule- cushioned leukocyte cell membrane vesicles
Characterization and intracellular trafficking of cancer cell membrane-derived <t>extracellular</t> vesicles (CmEVs) loaded with fenofibrate (FF) in U87 and LN18 cells. The hydrodynamic diameter of U87- (A-i) and LN18- (B-i) derived CmEVs. Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81) on the membrane of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-ii) and LN18 (B-ii) cells. Comparison of typical CmEV (TSG101, CD9) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers (GRP-94) detected by immunoblotting in whole cell lysates (WC) and lysates of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-iii) and LN18 (B-iii) cells. Percentage of PKH-positive CmEVs in U87 (A-iv) and LN18 (B-iv) cells. Confocal images representing the co-localization of PKH-labelled CmEVs (green) in LDs and different organelles (lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) in U87 (small LDs, C) and LN18 (large LDs, D) cells. LDs and organelles are depicted in red, and nuclei are shown in blue (DAPI).
Polymeric Capsule Cushioned Leukocyte Cell Membrane Vesicles, supplied by BioMimetic Therapeutics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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polymeric capsule- cushioned leukocyte cell membrane vesicles - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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Image Search Results


sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with Snap23). The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Delivering Antisense Oligonucleotides across the Blood‐Brain Barrier by Tumor Cell‐Derived Small Apoptotic Bodies

doi: 10.1002/advs.202004929

Figure Lengend Snippet: sCABs are transcytosed by BMECs to cross the BBB. a) TEM images showing a phagosome containing a sCAB in the BMEC of a mouse 10 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The right panel shows a magnified view of the phagophore selected by the red square and arrow. Scale bar: 500 nm. b) TEM images showing the structure of TJs after sCABs passed through microvessels 15 min after an i.v. sCABs injection. The TJs in the red squares are shown at high magnifications on the right. The red arrow depicts sCABs that passed through BMECs. Scale bar: 500 nm. c) Representative fluorescence images showing the intact structure of TJs after sCABs treatment containing Cy5‐ASO. The right panels show magnified views of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. d) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by b. End3 cells in the BBB model. Scale bar: 25 µm. e) Representative fluorescence images showing Cy5‐ASO delivered by sCABs but not the naked one was phagocytized by microglial cells in the BBB model 24 h after the incubation. The morphology of microglial cells as imaged with differentia linterference contrast (DIC). Scale bar: 25 µm. f) Fluorescence images showing GFP‐labeled sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO phagocytized by microglia 24 h after the incubation. The right panels show magnifications of the area selected by the white square. Scale bar: 10 µm. g–k) Representative fluorescence images showing the colocalization of sCABs containing Cy5‐ASO with special protein markers ((g) labeled with clathrin, (h) with caveolin‐1, (i) with EEA‐1, (h) with Rab11 involved in endocytosis, and (k) with Snap23). The colocalization of clathrin and caveolin‐1 was examined at 5 min after sCABs incubation, EEA‐1 and Rab11 at 10 min, and Snap23 at 20 min. The right panels show magnifications of the areas selected by the white square. Scale bar: 25 µm. Images are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Moreover, Snap23 (anti‐Snap23 antibody, BA2805, Boster, China), a membrane receptor involved in the interaction of endosomes with the basolateral membrane, was examined at 20 min.

Techniques: Injection, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Incubation, Labeling

Characterization and intracellular trafficking of cancer cell membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (CmEVs) loaded with fenofibrate (FF) in U87 and LN18 cells. The hydrodynamic diameter of U87- (A-i) and LN18- (B-i) derived CmEVs. Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81) on the membrane of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-ii) and LN18 (B-ii) cells. Comparison of typical CmEV (TSG101, CD9) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers (GRP-94) detected by immunoblotting in whole cell lysates (WC) and lysates of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-iii) and LN18 (B-iii) cells. Percentage of PKH-positive CmEVs in U87 (A-iv) and LN18 (B-iv) cells. Confocal images representing the co-localization of PKH-labelled CmEVs (green) in LDs and different organelles (lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) in U87 (small LDs, C) and LN18 (large LDs, D) cells. LDs and organelles are depicted in red, and nuclei are shown in blue (DAPI).

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Radiosensitizing capacity of fenofibrate in glioblastoma cells depends on lipid metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103452

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization and intracellular trafficking of cancer cell membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (CmEVs) loaded with fenofibrate (FF) in U87 and LN18 cells. The hydrodynamic diameter of U87- (A-i) and LN18- (B-i) derived CmEVs. Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81) on the membrane of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-ii) and LN18 (B-ii) cells. Comparison of typical CmEV (TSG101, CD9) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers (GRP-94) detected by immunoblotting in whole cell lysates (WC) and lysates of CmEVs derived from U87 (A-iii) and LN18 (B-iii) cells. Percentage of PKH-positive CmEVs in U87 (A-iv) and LN18 (B-iv) cells. Confocal images representing the co-localization of PKH-labelled CmEVs (green) in LDs and different organelles (lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) in U87 (small LDs, C) and LN18 (large LDs, D) cells. LDs and organelles are depicted in red, and nuclei are shown in blue (DAPI).

Article Snippet: To prevent uptake of FF by large LDs and to ameliorate its function as a radiosensitizer, FF was encapsulated in biomimetic cell membrane extracellular lipid vesicles (CmEVs) which alter the intracellular trafficking of the drug.

Techniques: Membrane, Derivative Assay, Expressing, Comparison, Western Blot

Effect of fenofibrate (FF)-loaded and empty cancer membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (CmEVs) on the radiosensitivity of U87 and LN18 cells . A) Relative reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in U87 and LN18 cells after treatment. B-D) Percentage of early apoptosis (B), late apoptosis (C), and necrosis (D) in U87 (top) and LN18 (bottom) cells after treatment with FF-loaded and empty CmEVs and irradiation (RTx). E-i/ii) Histograms show the expression of membrane Hsp70 on U87 and LN18 cells. Colored histograms represent cmHsp70.1-FITC positively stained cells, grey histograms show the staining pattern of an isotype-matched control antibody. E-iii) Mean percentage of membrane Hsp70 positivity in U87 and LN18 cells. Data represent mean values ± SD of three independent experiments. P values were calculated using unpaired t -test to compare two groups. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p = 0.0002 (E-iii), two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's correction was used to compare more than two groups. ∗p = 0.0332, ∗∗p = 0.0021, ∗∗∗p = 0.0002.

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Radiosensitizing capacity of fenofibrate in glioblastoma cells depends on lipid metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103452

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of fenofibrate (FF)-loaded and empty cancer membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (CmEVs) on the radiosensitivity of U87 and LN18 cells . A) Relative reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in U87 and LN18 cells after treatment. B-D) Percentage of early apoptosis (B), late apoptosis (C), and necrosis (D) in U87 (top) and LN18 (bottom) cells after treatment with FF-loaded and empty CmEVs and irradiation (RTx). E-i/ii) Histograms show the expression of membrane Hsp70 on U87 and LN18 cells. Colored histograms represent cmHsp70.1-FITC positively stained cells, grey histograms show the staining pattern of an isotype-matched control antibody. E-iii) Mean percentage of membrane Hsp70 positivity in U87 and LN18 cells. Data represent mean values ± SD of three independent experiments. P values were calculated using unpaired t -test to compare two groups. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p = 0.0002 (E-iii), two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's correction was used to compare more than two groups. ∗p = 0.0332, ∗∗p = 0.0021, ∗∗∗p = 0.0002.

Article Snippet: To prevent uptake of FF by large LDs and to ameliorate its function as a radiosensitizer, FF was encapsulated in biomimetic cell membrane extracellular lipid vesicles (CmEVs) which alter the intracellular trafficking of the drug.

Techniques: Membrane, Derivative Assay, Irradiation, Expressing, Staining, Control

Proposed mechanisms for the radiosensitizing and radioprotective effects of fenofibrate (FF)-loaded cancer membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (CmEVs) in U87 and LN18 cell lines. In glioblastoma (GBM) cells expressing high levels of membrane Hsp70, treatment with FF-loaded-CmEVs elicits a radioprotective effect. Conversely, in GBM cells with large LDs, FF-loaded-CmEVs enhance radiosensitivity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inducing necrosis via decreased lysosomal stability. The sensitization effect depends on lysosomal stability; FF-loaded-CmEVs induce lysosomal stress, causing lysosome swelling and permeabilizing the lysosomal membrane. FFA – free fatty acids.

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Radiosensitizing capacity of fenofibrate in glioblastoma cells depends on lipid metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103452

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed mechanisms for the radiosensitizing and radioprotective effects of fenofibrate (FF)-loaded cancer membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (CmEVs) in U87 and LN18 cell lines. In glioblastoma (GBM) cells expressing high levels of membrane Hsp70, treatment with FF-loaded-CmEVs elicits a radioprotective effect. Conversely, in GBM cells with large LDs, FF-loaded-CmEVs enhance radiosensitivity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inducing necrosis via decreased lysosomal stability. The sensitization effect depends on lysosomal stability; FF-loaded-CmEVs induce lysosomal stress, causing lysosome swelling and permeabilizing the lysosomal membrane. FFA – free fatty acids.

Article Snippet: To prevent uptake of FF by large LDs and to ameliorate its function as a radiosensitizer, FF was encapsulated in biomimetic cell membrane extracellular lipid vesicles (CmEVs) which alter the intracellular trafficking of the drug.

Techniques: Membrane, Derivative Assay, Expressing